contemplating the importance of toll-like receptors i and ii regarding human viral pathogenesis
Authors
abstract
conclusions to date, a large number of viruses are proved to trigger innate immunity via tlrs, suggesting that these receptors are likely to be important in the outcome of viral infection. this suggestion is supported by the observation that many viruses have evolved mechanisms not only to evade the innate immune system, but also to subvert it for the benefit of the virus. materials and methods a literature search was performed via accessing research articles from pakmedinet, pubmed and google scholar with key words of toll-like receptors i and ii regarding human viral pathogenesis. the valued information on the recent scientific horizons was subjected to critical analysis. results comprehensive literature review illustrates important signaling pathways involved in tlr1/tlr2 mediated regulation of viral pathogenesis. tlrs mediated activation of apoptosis tends to contribute towards defense strategies utilized by innate immune response. activation of antiviral tlr1-dependent signaling cascade would ultimately lead to activation of nf-kappa b which promotes antiviral responses via induction of specific genes. tlr1/tlr2 dimer generates intracellular signaling via irak4 mediated activation of irak1/2 which results in activation of nf-kappa b, p38 and jnk proteins in cytoplasm. nf- kappa b, p38 and jnk enter the nucleus thereby causing activation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as il-1 beta, tnf-alpha, il-6, il-8 and il-18. among the chronic hcv infection, the hcv core protein induces tnf-α and il-10 from the macrophages thereby causing reduction in release of interferon alpha. abnormal tlr1/tlr2 signaling may contribute to the enhancement of infection-related morbidity and mortality. background toll-like receptors (tlrs) play a major role in innate immunity, since they detect conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) on a range of microbes, including viruses, leading to innate immune activation and orchestration of the adaptive immune response. objectives the current study aimed to discuss earlier evidence implicating tlrs i and ii in the innate immune response to viruses, in the light of more recent clinical data demonstrating that tlrs are important for anti-viral immunity in humans.
similar resources
Contemplating the Importance of Toll-like Receptors I and II Regarding Human Viral Pathogenesis
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a major role in innate immunity, since they detect conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on a range of microbes, including viruses, leading to innate immune activation and orchestration of the adaptive immune response. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to discuss earlier evidence implicating TLRs I and II in the innate immune resp...
full textI-23: Reproduction and Toll Like Receptors(TLRs
Female and male reproductive tracts are of interest sites to study of immune system because they encounter specific infections such as those are sexually transmitted. Furthermore, female reproductive tract is in close contact with allogenic sperms and transmitted microorganisms during intercourse and semi allogenic fetus during pregnancy. In mammals, there are two types of immune responses, the...
full textBridging the importance of Toll like receptors in human viral infections
The Toll like receptors (TLRs) are principal modulators of innate immune system performing central role in identification of foreign infection in mammals. These type 1 membrane-spanning, pattern recognition receptors detect conserved products (pathogen associated molecular patterns) unique to microbial metabolism. TLRs are not only significant for innate immune activation but also important for...
full textP-17: Expression of Cell Surface Toll-Like Receptors in the Human Male Reproductive Tract
Background: Male infertility refers to the inability of a male to achieve a pregnancy in a fertile female. The root of many causes of infertility is miscommunication between immune and reproductive system. Male reproductive system is very sensitive and vulnerable, infections can hinder maturation and movement of spermatozoa lead to impaired fertility.All species need an immediate reply to the m...
full textThe Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is highly prevalent worldwide. Treatment of this disease is a major global public health problem; therefore, numerous studies have explored new molecular profile helping for breast cancer therapy. Different risk factors are attributed to breast cancer; however, chronic inflammation and immune regulation are highly essential. Various molecules impact this context, including toll-li...
full textMy Resources
Save resource for easier access later
Journal title:
jundishapur journal of microbiologyجلد ۸، شماره ۱، صفحات ۰-۰
Hosted on Doprax cloud platform doprax.com
copyright © 2015-2023